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Abstract
Abstract
Acknowledgements
1. Introduction
1.1 Motivation
1.2 Technology trends in routers and switches
1.2.1 Technology trends
1.2.2 Optical switching technology
1.3 Circuit and packet switching
1.3.1 Virtual circuits
1.4 Performance metrics for core IP routers
1.5 Understanding Internet traffic and failures
1.6 Organization of the Thesis
2. Circuit and Packet Switching
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Organization of the chapter
2.2 Background and previous work
2.2.1 Circuit switching
2.2.2 Packet switching
2.3 IP Folklore
2.3.1 IP already dominates global communications
2.3.2 IP is more efficient
2.3.3 IP is robust
2.3.4 IP is simpler
2.3.5 Cost of ownership of IP is small
2.3.6 Support of telephony and other real-time applications
2.4 Discussion
2.4.1 Dependability of IP networks
2.4.2 Interaction of IP and circuits
2.4.3 What if we started with a clean slate?
2.5 Conclusions and summary of contributions
3. Response Time of Circuit and Packet Switching
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Organization of the chapter
3.2 Background and previous work
3.3 LANs and shared access networks
3.3.1 Example 1: LANs with fixed-size flows
3.3.2 Example 2: LANs with heavy-tailed flow sizes
3.3.3 Model for LANs and access networks
3.4 Core of the Internet
3.4.1 Example 3: An overprovisioned core of the network
3.4.2 Example 4: An oversubscribed core of the network
3.4.3 Model for the core of the Internet
3.5 Simulation of a real network
3.6 Discussion
3.7 Conclusions and summary of contributions
4. TCP Switching
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Organization of the chapter
4.2 Advantages and pitfalls of circuit switching
4.2.1 Pitfalls of circuit switching
4.2.2 State maintenance
4.2.3 Signaling overhead and latency
4.2.4 Wasted capacity
4.2.5 Blocking under congestion
4.3 TCP Switching
4.3.1 Typical Internet flows
4.3.2 Design options
4.3.2.1 Circuit establishment
4.3.2.2 Circuit release
4.3.2.3 Handling of non-TCP flows
4.3.2.4 Signaling
4.3.2.5 Circuit routing
4.3.2.6 Circuit granularities
4.3.3 Design choices
4.3.3.1 Circuit signaling
4.3.3.2 Bandwidth assignment
4.3.3.3 Flow detection
4.3.3.4 Inactivity timeouts
4.3.3.5 Circuit replacement policies
4.3.3.6 Switching unit
4.3.4 Experimentation with TCP-Switching networks and nodes
4.4 Discussion
4.4.1 Single-packet flows
4.4.2 Bandwidth inefficiencies
4.4.3 Denial of service
4.5 Conclusions and summary of contributions
5. Coarse circuit switching in the core
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Organization of the chapter
5.2 Background and previous work
5.3 Monitoring user flows
5.4 Modeling traffic to help identify the safeguard band
5.5 Discussion
5.6 Conclusions and summary of contributions
6. Related work
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Organization of the chapter
6.2 Circuit switching in the Internet
6.2.1 Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS)
6.2.2 ASTN: Automatic Switched Transport Network
6.2.3 OIF: Optical Internetworking Forum
6.2.4 ODSI: Optical Domain Service Interconnect
6.2.5 Grid computing and
CA*Net 4
6.2.6 Proposal by Veeraraghavan et al.
6.2.7 IP Switching
6.3 Packet switching in the optical domain
6.3.1 Optical Packet Switching (OPS)
6.3.2 Optical Burst Switching (OBS)
6.3.3 Performance of OPS/OBS
6.4 Flow Measurement
6.4.1 RFC 2722 and NetFlow
6.4.2 Proposal by Estan and Varghese
6.5 Conclusions
7. Conclusions
7.1 Future directions
7.2 Final words
Bibliography
Copyright © Pablo Molinero-Fernández 2002-3
